For as long as I’ve lived in Miami (close to a decade), Miami International Airport (MIA) has been seeking a nonstop flight to North Asia, and in particular, to Tokyo. Now, we all want things, but that doesn’t mean they’re going to happen. However, local authorities seem to now be stepping up these efforts, and are even considering offering major incentives for such service.
Could American or Japan Airlines fly from Miami to Tokyo?
City and airport officials in Miami have long wanted a nonstop link between Miami and Tokyo. This would presumably be on either American or Japan Airlines, given that the former has a huge hub in Miami, and the latter is part of a joint business venture with American, meaning the airlines coordinate schedules and fares.
To incentivize this kind of service, Miami mayor Daniella Levine Cava is also evaluating the concept of a minimum revenue guarantee for an airline to operate the route, saying “the model functions by guaranteeing the airline a specific predetermined amount of revenue for a new route over a defined introductory period.”
Part of the new optimism seems to be based on a claim that Japan Airlines has better availability of long range jets, given the carrier’s upcoming aircraft deliveries. Airport officials plan to present the business case for this service during upcoming meetings targeted at joint business between Florida and Japan, and also at a conference dedicated to route development.
According to the mayor’s report, “direct flights from Miami would significantly enhance access to Japan and Northeast Asia, facilitating business travel, investment activities, and cultural and educational exchanges.” She went on to say that “most recently, JAL has begun taking delivery of new long-haul aircraft capable of operating nonstop service between Tokyo and MIA, with additional aircraft expected over the next two to three years, improving the long-term feasibility of the route.”
Miami Aviation Director Ralph Cutié stated that “we feel fairly confident that that’s going to happen,” but “we’re just not sure when,” though “it could be probably in the next couple of years.”
Around the same time last year, the airport released a report about the long haul destinations it’s most targeting, with the others including Asuncion, Riyadh, Singapore, and Tokyo. A Singapore route wouldn’t even be possible with any plane that currently exists. Meanwhile I’m sure Riyadh is realistic, since Saudi Arabia is throwing money at any new route to the city.
I’m not holding my breath for a Miami to Tokyo route
As someone who lives in Miami, I’d of course love to see a nonstop link to Tokyo. I’m not saying this is impossible, but I do think it’s not terribly likely, and I don’t think it’s any more likely than it was five years ago. To start, here are some of the challenges this route would face:
- This would be Japan Airlines’ longest route to the United States, and the economics of ultra long haul flying are complicated
- Miami is the major airport that’s most southeast in the United States, so it’s not great in terms of efficient domestic connections
- While the route could be popular with those connecting to Latin America, the challenge is that the United States doesn’t allow sterile transit, so passengers would need a visa just to transit the United States
- Those in Miami are largely already loyal to American or oneworld, so when they’re connecting to Japan, they’re pretty likely to fly with American or Japan Airlines; so there’s not necessarily all that much incremental business to win
That being said, I don’t think this route is impossible, especially if Miami is willing to offer an airline enough incentives to operate the service. Furthermore, Japan Airlines is taking delivery of some more planes in the coming years, and perhaps this could be part of a next wave of growth.
Florida is the state with the biggest economy that doesn’t have a nonstop flight to Japan. Furthermore, while international connections in Miami aren’t ideal, it’s still the best option for most people connecting to Latin America, given American’s huge network from there.
So yeah, if I were a betting man, I don’t think this will happen any time soon. I could see it happening some number of years down the road, though, when Japan Airlines does take delivery of many more new aircraft. But I can’t imagine this is among Japan Airlines’ top three new routes on the horizon.
Bottom line
Miami is once again (or still?) seeking a nonstop link to Japan. City and airport officials are hoping that American or Japan Airlines will launch the route, and are even looking at offering some sort of a revenue guarantee to make this service more appealing.
While I’d of course love to see a flight like this, I don’t think it’s necessarily any more likely than it was a few years ago. Officials point out how Japan Airlines is getting more wide body aircraft, though I expect it’ll be several more years before those lead to substantial incremental growth, rather than just fleet renewal. Meanwhile American’s long haul fleet growth is minimal.
What do you make of the prospects of a nonstop Miami to Tokyo route?
Please don’t make it easier for dumb Americans to come to Japan! Especially the Florida type
Japan airlines might not be the right candidate for Tokyo/Miami , but its low cost sister “Zipair” might be possible. Zipair also getting another 10 B787-9 in the coming years, it definitely have a shot!
It sounds like a nice to have but doubt there’s a large enough point to point audience to fill those ULR planes multiple times a week.
CLT makes more sense than MIA.
I'm not sure either makes sense for a foreign carrier. They are likely to choose destinations based on direct demand to the cities in own right first, and connectivity beyond them second. In the eastern half of the US, JAL flies to JFK, BOS, ORD and DFW, and can sell east coast connections from them. I don't see CLT as being important in its own right or as a complement to its existing destinations for connecting traffic.
There used to be AA 61 MIA-(DFW)-NRT. Non-stop would be nice for connecting to Asia.
I wonder why the USA doesn't trial certain airports for sterile connections -- I'll bet the airlines would be clamoring for this.
Am curious why isn’t there sterile transfer options in MIA
In my estimation, there are few reasons to transfer international to international in the US, but of all the airports, MIA makes quite a bit of sense. LAX would also be helpful, but apparently it wasn’t on their list when they redid TBIT.
MIA and LAX both had sterile international-to-international transit facilities in the 1990s. The post-9/11 paranoia ended that program.
Hello Ben,
I read your article last night and hopefully the below actual market data would be able to convince you and any doubters as to why a new MIA-NRT/HND service has a lot of long term potential.
Florida-Tokyo p2p demand increased from 279K in 2024 to 368K in 2025 i.e. +32% growth.
Miami-Tokyo pure p2p demand increased from 71K in 2024 to 113K in 2025 i.e. +59% with the average one way fare...
Hello Ben,
I read your article last night and hopefully the below actual market data would be able to convince you and any doubters as to why a new MIA-NRT/HND service has a lot of long term potential.
Florida-Tokyo p2p demand increased from 279K in 2024 to 368K in 2025 i.e. +32% growth.
Miami-Tokyo pure p2p demand increased from 71K in 2024 to 113K in 2025 i.e. +59% with the average one way fare being US$ 1966 with YQ included. This is without any nonstop service.
The block time for this route is 15 hours 20 minutes hence perfectly suited for either the B789 or B77W but obviously to begin with the former is better due to operational economics.
The p2p fare yield of MIA-Tokyo in 2025 was higher than Los Angeles and Houston.
Belly cargo would be full in both directions be it on the B789 or the larger B77W as the demand is there. Via MIA, you have a massive amount of AA connections to Southeast USA + Caribbean. Yes I don't expect Latin American pax to patronize flying to Tokyo via Miami due to the immigration/customs hassle, but they may if the fare is competitive and if EK/QR/ET/BA/LH/TK/AF do not have seats available.
MIA-Tokyo 4 weekly B789 effective S27 season is adequate for a start by AA or JL. Preferably AA in my opinion due to the nearby feed it can get via MIA.
Feed is the same whether AA or JL operates the route due to OW membership and the JV.
20 years ago Boston only had a handful of intl flights then they tried subsidizing landing fees and that spurred an explosion of new intl flights (including japan and others). The airlines found the routes to be profitable and the subsidy ended without any routes being cut. Quite a successful story of govt intervention. Not sure if it would work for MIA but it's possible that it would.
BOS is much farther north geographically and much wealthier than MIA, Boston has 60% higher per capita GDP over Miami, one of the richest cities in the US. That makes the economics completely different.
BOS is much closer to Asia than MIA by over 700 miles. Not to mention demographically, Boston has a significantly larger Asian population than Miami.
In every single possible way, Boston has massive advantages from a yields, cost, demand, and...
BOS is much farther north geographically and much wealthier than MIA, Boston has 60% higher per capita GDP over Miami, one of the richest cities in the US. That makes the economics completely different.
BOS is much closer to Asia than MIA by over 700 miles. Not to mention demographically, Boston has a significantly larger Asian population than Miami.
In every single possible way, Boston has massive advantages from a yields, cost, demand, and aircraft performance perspective. They really are not even comparable.
"while international connections in Miami aren’t ideal, it’s still the best option for most people connecting to Latin America, given American’s huge network from there'.
Considering that AA only fly to 4 cities in the Southern Cone countries and (notwithstanding some collaboration with Gol) don't have an alliance partner in Latin America, what do you think makes MIA a better connection option than MEX?
This would then put into the most hyped up comparison: is it more affordable to go to Disneyland in Tokyo or Disneyworld in Orlando? Overall, Tokyo would be much cleaner, smell less significantly, and less hot.
Tokyo’s Disneyland is significantly less expensive - about half the price of a single day ticket than Disneyworld’s Magic Kingdom. However, Tokyo’s Parks are built around a single or 2-day experience. Disney World is built around an entire vacation experience, so it’s not quite an apples to apples comparison.
The Tokyo parks are indeed very clean, well-run, and most importantly, not in the humid, miserable locale that is Florida. :P
I bet someone could easily...
Tokyo’s Disneyland is significantly less expensive - about half the price of a single day ticket than Disneyworld’s Magic Kingdom. However, Tokyo’s Parks are built around a single or 2-day experience. Disney World is built around an entire vacation experience, so it’s not quite an apples to apples comparison.
The Tokyo parks are indeed very clean, well-run, and most importantly, not in the humid, miserable locale that is Florida. :P
I bet someone could easily plan a week’s vacation to Japan including Disney visits for less than the cost of a WDW trip.
Sorry, PHX is next up for JAL.
Surely if MIA was such a juicy plum there would be nonstops already? For sure there's plenty of money at both ends, but is the demand really there?
Let us know when Bathurst gets one… speaking of, hasn’t the 1000 just started?!
What is your obsession with that race?!
They’re as likely to get a JL nonstop as Miami at this point.
Yes, the Bathurst 1000 is this weekend. And no, JL has not yet launched its Bathurst services. Or Orange (did you see what I did there, I thought it was a delft, I mean deft move.)
Delta would be the most premium choice, just stating facts, that's all I do, I'm a facts-stater and the smartest person here, applying the rigour of math and logic and the passion of Donald Trump looking at a 12 year-old.
He lives in your head 24/7. I'd say that' makes you the loser and he's the winner. Just stating facts here.
So irony is not your strong suit, then?
This is definitely getting to the point of just daydreaming but what if JAL added a tag fifth freedom flight from MIA to GRU to serve the large Japanese population there?
It would be awesome! Let's do it!
Unfortunately, not having sterile transit makes this uncomfortable, but it would otherwise be an insanely popular flight.
Yeah, I'm curious what Brazil-Japan travelers do otherwise. As far as I'm aware MEX doesn't have sterile transit either which seems like it leaves Toronto or Montreal as the only other option (which, geographically are actually very good options; GC Map say they both only add a mile to the distance) unless you want to go east through Europe or the Middle East. Do a lot of people pony up for a US transit Visa already or are they avoiding US connections generally?
People forget that JAL ordered 20 internationally-configured A350-900s in 2024. This would be the ideal aircraft for launching a city like Miami. JAL also has 10 787s (an 10 additional options) on order.
Absent MIA, it's difficult to see where else in the US JAL could or would even want to expand. In particular, if either CLT or PHL were viable, American would've launched them long ago on its own metal.
I suppose we could...
People forget that JAL ordered 20 internationally-configured A350-900s in 2024. This would be the ideal aircraft for launching a city like Miami. JAL also has 10 787s (an 10 additional options) on order.
Absent MIA, it's difficult to see where else in the US JAL could or would even want to expand. In particular, if either CLT or PHL were viable, American would've launched them long ago on its own metal.
I suppose we could see Portland, Austin or maybe a secondary California airport like SJC or ONT. Phoenix seems unlikely with 2x per day to TPE; LAS is too leisure-oriented. Nashville, New Orleans and Raleigh are all likely too small. Where else am I missing?
But unless JAL plans to use its order book simply to replace older regional aircraft, or maybe to expand in Australia (PER? BNE?) or Europe (MAD? MAN?), I can't see where else in the world would make more sense than MIA.
A35K is the flagship for JAL, and they fly it to high-demand and premium markets only. 787-9 will be the best fit for flights to/from Florida.
Right, but I wasn’t talking about the A35K. I was talking about the forthcoming A359s.
Oh sorry I missed it! I thought JAL had A359 in domestic config only and didn't know they ordered another config for international service.
Yeah, A359 will also work well, but 789 could be better. I think even A359 may be too big for Tokyo-Miami service. JAL will keep both 789 and A359, and 789 will be used for the lowest demand markets.
I've long been somewhat surprised that Nashville doesn't have a nonstop to Japan, with both Nissan and Bridgestone in the city (more or less), and there's even a Consulate General there as well. Toyota's massive Kentucky operations aren't that far away, either. I suppose the overall metro area just isn't considered as large enough.
Yea I would think today Nashville is mainly served via an AA connection through ORD.
I remember reading that LAS was the largest unserved market from TYO before the recent decline in tourist in LAS.
Absent MIA? PHX has been rumored heavily in the last few years since the TSMC boom started.
Agree. You reach a point where all the plums are picked.
SJC has ZG already, so I don't see a lot of value in adding a mainline JL flight there. ONT could be interesting to compete with the Taiwanese carriers, but I don't know how much more juice could be squeezed there.
Qantas has daily A330-300 BNE-NRT flights. It doesn't show up as a JL codeshare. (On their booking page, JL show BNE-SYD-HND options, with some JL-coded BNE-SYD segments.) There are one-stop OW options on CX (and on MH, but that works better for PER). Probably not the demand for direct or non-stop JL flights.
Rumor of Korean Air launching flight to Orlando came almost two years or so ago, and nothing ever happened since.
ANA and JAL have even smaller international fleet than Korean Air, both in terms of their current fleet and the orders.
Certainly Florida deserves a direct flight to Asia though.
ICN-MCO is not viable for Korean Air because Korean DOT never allows any flight over 16h. When it exceeds 16h, they must make a technical stop to replace the crews with no exception.
Even ATL-ICN or JFK-ICN sometimes make technical stops at NRT in the winter, and MIA-ICN is even longer. This is why we can never see any ultra long-haul service from Korean carriers.
But Delta can do it if they really want to because US DOT allows 16h+ flights.
Don't Emirates and QR already fly direct to MIA?
I do desperately want this just for what it'll mean for the sushi industry in the city. Its so much easier when you have direct flights to Asia. I can't believe how good the sushi is in salt lake because what they can get onto a delta cargo flight.
Would it not be a option to perform this route in the form of a 5th freedom flight?
Why? Stopping where? Europe? There are a dozen one-stop connections that could already be made, there’s really no point in doing this as a 5th freedom route.
people don't realize that Miami has a Japanese consulate and regular cargo flights from East Asia. i'm sure there's growing trade between florida and japan, too and a direct flight would only help develop those relationships.
I can only imagine the nightmare japanese airline employees would have worrying about maintaining their very high standards with MIA and related contractors as their partner.
Do we really think miami is capable ? hahaha. Go try their baggage claim, it’s fabulous !
They go to JFK, so basically anywhere is possible.
I don't think it can be emphasized enough how ridiculous this proposal is geographically. Take a look at a map of the US. Where is the absolute last place that you would want to put a non-stop from Asia? Right in the very southeast corner, way down at the end of a peninsula at that. As pointed out by others, this doesn't really work as a connecting point, either, compared to currently existing options.
...
I don't think it can be emphasized enough how ridiculous this proposal is geographically. Take a look at a map of the US. Where is the absolute last place that you would want to put a non-stop from Asia? Right in the very southeast corner, way down at the end of a peninsula at that. As pointed out by others, this doesn't really work as a connecting point, either, compared to currently existing options.
Even then, there aren't enough cultural and business connections for this to make sense. And if Japanese tourists want sun, beach, and theme parks, you'd better believe the vast majority are going to Hawaii and/or California first before considering a flight to Florida, even if they can stomach the weak JPY/USD exchange rate.
I think there's room for another direct flight somewhere in the US Southeast (Houston and Atlanta alone probably aren't enough), but this is a non-starter.
The city wants to establish these business connections you are talking about - it says so right on the article. The map works out just fine -- it would be 2-3 hours shorter than the longest flights in the world right now.
I live in Miami. I have no idea of what the demand would be at least locally. I never see East Asians anywhere in Miami or the Tri County area. Maybe for connections to South America? I NEVER see Asian business men at MIA like I do in the lounges at ORD, LAX and SFO.
Japan already has a general consulate in Miami. 30% of Japanese Florida business are HQed in Miami, including Hisamitsu and Sompo Japan. They host regular Japan exchange programs and it is even a host city for Japanese language proficiency tests in the US. Miami is also a major tech hub. There is a reason Florida, and in particular Miami, is fighting hard for this route.
The one place i don't get that doesn't have trans Pacific service on the AA/JAL joint venture is PHL because of the east coast US connections
PHL punches below its weight in many ways.
Large population, but relatively poor compared to its neighbors in the Northeast. Doesn't have a particularly large Asian population. A lot of demand gets siphoned out via NYC and DC.
ORD is better for the East Coast connections.
Rocky is from PHL.
If the City of Miami is going to chip in then maybe AA 3x-4x/weekly? As mentioned, maybe Zipair?
To be honest, I have no idea to be honest.
On the other hand, Japan allows sterile transit. I know many people travelling between Asia and the US dislike intl-to-dom transits in the US. If you have a short transit time, you don't know how long immigration will take and if you miss the connection. If you have want to be safe, you might end up having too much transit time. Plus, US domestic flights are not as pleasant. Those in other parts of Asia...
On the other hand, Japan allows sterile transit. I know many people travelling between Asia and the US dislike intl-to-dom transits in the US. If you have a short transit time, you don't know how long immigration will take and if you miss the connection. If you have want to be safe, you might end up having too much transit time. Plus, US domestic flights are not as pleasant. Those in other parts of Asia may prefer Asia*-NRT/HND-MIA over Asia-US gateway-MIA.
*Excluding NRT/HND
Speaking of JAL, Zipair is launching YYZ to NRT flights, seems like they're really popping off.
I wonder if that's what could happen for MIA eventually, I don't see Florida getting JAL service, but leisure LCC service could work.
Florida is too low yielding. Even Miami, the wealthiest city, is still well below the income and GDP per capita of coastal cities. Demographically, not as much Asian concentration in Florida/Miami either.
Cannot go that far nonstop . Needs 2 stops in SFO and ANC , or 3 stops incl. HNL . Duh .
JAL is also incredibly conservative about expansion, perhaps still reflecting the post-bailout period when the Japanese government restricted both subsidies and new routes. Have we seen JAL take subsidies for other new routes since those restrictions were lifted in 2017 or so?
Geographically, MIA is literally the worst sited international airport from which to serve an Asian route (or routes). While I understand that there may be some O&D travel between South Florida and Asia, is it enough to justify such a route? Probably not, though I'd imagine Miami-Dade officials should have access to these stats. If you need to get from Florida to Tokyo, you'd take a flight to any number of hubs from which you...
Geographically, MIA is literally the worst sited international airport from which to serve an Asian route (or routes). While I understand that there may be some O&D travel between South Florida and Asia, is it enough to justify such a route? Probably not, though I'd imagine Miami-Dade officials should have access to these stats. If you need to get from Florida to Tokyo, you'd take a flight to any number of hubs from which you can connect to a direct flight. And pretty much any hub is "on the way" from Miami to Tokyo. So it doesn't make a lot of sense and seems to be more of a vanity project to me.
While I agree with your observation, JAL is quietly evaluating viability of Tokyo-Florida route with ZIPAir seasonal charter to Orlando. There seem to be limited but stable demands so ZIPAir will fly this on select days in Feb-Mar 2027.
Maybe Orlando gets direct regular Tokyo service ahead of Miami?
Zipair is a leisure based "budget" airline and Orlando is a good kind of destination for such an airline. While Toyko has a disney park, it's not WDW which remains popular with Japanses travelers.
Those limited MCO charters work because Disney subsidies and upfront tour-agency blocks absorb the cost of payload-restricting those high-density 788s against westbound headwinds. The real game-changer is the longer-range 789s coming in 2027, making East Coast expansion viable. I hope they target NYC next; JFK/EWR prices are often outrageous under the current legacy carrier monopoly, and a true LCC disruptor is badly needed.
Perhaps you forgot JL international 788 are low density to begin with (did you forget they are also the only 787 operator keep 2-4-2 in Y ?), it is 104 seats less than Zipair, so they don't need to block seat anyway, and it is just slightly longer than NRT-JFK, westbound flight is just 14 hours
Perhaps you forgot JL now uses 35K; it’s not because of operational viability, rather it’s because of ‘premium’ clientele between those two top-tier global cities.
just left from MCO the other day. on the service road to the airport all the signs tell you which terminal Zipair is at
As someone from Miami now living in Singapore, this would make life a lot easier. With the uncertainty now around connecting in say Doha (for AAadvantage reasons), this would become the preferred link between Southeast Asia and Miami. Just food for thought also, one factor that’s made Qatar and Emirates do so well in Miami is cruise traffic, specially cruise crew traffic, particularly from the Philippines and Indonesia. If some of that traffic gets moved...
As someone from Miami now living in Singapore, this would make life a lot easier. With the uncertainty now around connecting in say Doha (for AAadvantage reasons), this would become the preferred link between Southeast Asia and Miami. Just food for thought also, one factor that’s made Qatar and Emirates do so well in Miami is cruise traffic, specially cruise crew traffic, particularly from the Philippines and Indonesia. If some of that traffic gets moved onto a JAL/AA flight to Miami, helps for the longevity of the flight too.
What a treat for Ben, if it ever happens! All the years I lived in SoFla, I would’ve loved this (the one-stop itineraries were interesting; I recall connecting in ATL, taking DL’s old NW 744 to NRT.) Now based in NYC, I’m grateful for the multiple daily nonstops between NYC-TYO.
"and I don’t think it’s any more likely than it was five years ago"
You're joking right? There has been significant growth in Miami the last 5 years in finance and tech, and an overall enormous influx of wealth.
In addition, as I'm sure you know, one of the countries most prestigious universities in the fields of AI, Robots, and Computer Science is opening a campus here in the next couple of years. How can...
"and I don’t think it’s any more likely than it was five years ago"
You're joking right? There has been significant growth in Miami the last 5 years in finance and tech, and an overall enormous influx of wealth.
In addition, as I'm sure you know, one of the countries most prestigious universities in the fields of AI, Robots, and Computer Science is opening a campus here in the next couple of years. How can you think this doesn't change the equation in a meaningful way?
The real question: How might this impact your import-export business, Art Vandy?
It would be a complete game changer.
Not to mention, the Trump Presidential Library (and resort hotel).
Given that Japan - US travel remains relatively stable year round (2025 Feb low is only ~75% of the passenger in 2025 Aug high; compared to ~40% of same time periods for EU - US travel), this could be any interesting way for AA to place a wide body outside the typical summer peak. Especially if incentives are there and cargo demand (although I imagine likely some payload restrictions). Those traveling for business between Japan...
Given that Japan - US travel remains relatively stable year round (2025 Feb low is only ~75% of the passenger in 2025 Aug high; compared to ~40% of same time periods for EU - US travel), this could be any interesting way for AA to place a wide body outside the typical summer peak. Especially if incentives are there and cargo demand (although I imagine likely some payload restrictions). Those traveling for business between Japan and Latin America are also more likely to already have or able to obtain US C or B-1 visas.
But like you said, not holding my breath on this materializing. Would bet AA launches another LHR from somewhere before this route.
The majority of the people going to/from Latin America and Japan are going to Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Peru. Brazil and Argentina can arguably served better through the Middle East or Europe- no transit visas required. Mexico is better served through the Texas hubs. In fact, the biggest Mexican markets that generate Japan and Asian traffic aren't served via Miami. Peru can work over Miami but it's just as easily served over Houston, LA, or...
The majority of the people going to/from Latin America and Japan are going to Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Peru. Brazil and Argentina can arguably served better through the Middle East or Europe- no transit visas required. Mexico is better served through the Texas hubs. In fact, the biggest Mexican markets that generate Japan and Asian traffic aren't served via Miami. Peru can work over Miami but it's just as easily served over Houston, LA, or even Australia/New Zealand, and a lot of traffic does go through Australia/New Zealand. So yes there's traffic to Latin America that can be served over Miami, but the biggest markets are already very well served.
There's already a MEX-NRT flight operated by NH.
Yep- that's right!
while JAL is getting new aircraft. the a350-1000 is basically replacing all their 777-300er. so they wouldn't have any extra planes. JAL has 11/13 a350-1000 right now. and only need 2 more to go. when that happens the 777-300er will be all retired.
JAL has also ordered 20 internationally-configured A359's, which would be the perfect plane for a route like this.
Really hoping they get those last 2 before my April SFO-HND trip. Blows my mind that they haven't done JL 1 yet. Shoulda left DFW for the end, as there's no competition. Plenty of other options out of SFO.